Body Image
Second Edition
A Handbook of Science, Practice, and Prevention
Edited by Thomas F. Cash and Linda Smolak
Request a free digital professor copy on VitalSource ?New to This Edition
- Addresses the most urgent current questions in the field.
- Reflects significant advances in key areas: assessment, body image in boys and men, obesity, illness-related body image issues, and cross-cultural research.
- Conceptual Foundations section now incorporates evolutionary, genetic, and positive psychology perspectives.
- Increased coverage of prevention.
“This creatively edited book provides an enriching and intelligent read, filled with a diverse group of authors and subjects.”
—Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions
“This book is remarkable in its scope, including information difficult to find elsewhere, and nowhere singly....An outstanding contribution to the field.”
—Psychology of Women Quarterly
“This handbook should prove relevant to a wide audience. Researchers, especially graduate students, will find a wealth of information on assessment instruments and future directions for study....The book will not only be useful to researchers but also will give clinicians such as psychiatrists, psychologists, and mental health professionals a deeper understanding of cutting-edge issues of body image.”
—Journal of the American Medical Association
“This timely book may encourage greater communication and cross-fertilization among disciplines and fields. It provides a wealth of ideas for those interested in this fascinating topic and will serve as a valuable and frequently referenced resource.”
—New England Journal of Medicine
“Particularly relevant to mental health practitioners, clinical psychologists and nurses delivering holistic care.”
—Nursing Standard
“An invaluable theoretical reference and inspiration for research....A resource that should have a place on the shelf of anyone who engages in research or practice concerning body image and its related psychopathologies....Well worth the purchase....The novel topics and integration of cutting-edge science will help guide the next wave of research, practice, and prevention work....Chapters of this book would make for excellent readings for courses that discuss such disparate topics as eating psychopathology, applications of feminist theory, and health psychology, among others. In addition, this book would make an excellent primary text for an undergraduate or graduate topics course concerning body image. Cash and Smolak also do a superb job of integrating the information from this 53-chapter text in their introductory and concluding chapters, accurately assessing the strengths as well as potential areas of growth for the science surrounding this construct.”
—Psychology of Women Quarterly
“This volume offers the most comprehensive review to date of knowledge about body image. Whether you are a professional or student interested in body image, you should keep this book close at hand. The second edition maintains the high standards of its predecessor while incorporating the latest research. Highlights include more information about the neuroscientific bases of body image and expanded coverage of prevention.”
—Sabine Wilhelm, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School; Chief of Psychology, Massachusetts General Hospital
“The first edition of this book was great, and this one is even better. It captures the significant advances that have occurred in the field over the past decade. This is the definitive work on all matters pertaining to body image.”
—Kelly D. Brownell, PhD, Robert L. Flowers Professor of Public Policy and Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University
“Cash, Smolak, and their contributing authors summarize most of what is currently known about body image. They cover the full range of relevant topics in 53 concise chapters. This terrific volume is the standard work on body image for clinicians, researchers, teachers, and students across disciplines.”
—Carlos M. Grilo, PhD, Director, Yale Program for Obesity, Weight, and Eating Research, Yale University School of Medicine
“Cash and Smolak are world-renowned researchers who provide extensive information on all aspects of body image disturbance. This book is 'must' reading for anyone entering the field of mental health, as well as those already practicing. It discusses everything from developmental aspects of body image, to the normal range of appearance-related concerns, to assessment and treatment of body image disorders. There is no comparable book on the market today.”
—Fugen Neziroglu, PhD, ABBP, Director, Bio-Behavioral Institute, Great Neck, New York
Table of Contents
I. Conceptual Foundations1. Understanding Body Images: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives, Thomas F. Cash and Linda Smolak
2. Sociocultural Perspectives on Human Appearance and Body Image, Marika Tiggemann
3. Evolutionary Perspectives on Human Appearance and Body Image, Viren Swami
4. Genetic and Neuroscientific Perspectives on Body Image, Jessica L. Suisman and Kelly L. Klump
5. Cognitive-Behavioral Perspectives on Body Image, Thomas F. Cash
6. Feminist Perspectives on Body Image, Nita Mary McKinley
7. Positive Psychology Perspectives on Body Image, Tracy L. Tylka
II. Developmental Perspectives and Influences
8. Body Image Development in Childhood, Linda Smolak
9. Body Image Development in Adolescent Girls, Eleanor H. Wertheim and Susan J. Paxton
10. Body Image Development in Adolescent Boys, Lina A. Ricciardelli and Marita P. McCabe
11. Body Image Development in Adulthood, Sarah Grogan
12. Media Influences on Body Image, Michael P. Levine and Kelsey Chapman
13. Interpersonal and Familial Influences on the Development of Body Image, Diane Carlson Jones
14. Sexual Abuse and Body Image, Linda Smolak
III. Body Image Assessment
15. Crucial Considerations in the Assessment of Body Image, Thomas F. Cash
16. Body Image Assessment of Children, Andrew J. Hill
17. Perceptual Measures of Body Image for Adolescents and Adults, Rick M. Gardner
18. Attitudinal Assessment of Body Image for Adolescents and Adults, Jessie E. Menzel, Ross Krawczyk, and J. Kevin Thompson
IV. Individual and Cultural Differences
19. Gender and Body Images, Sarah K. Murnen
20. Obesity and Body Image in Youth, Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
21. Obesity and Body Image in Adulthood, Janet D. Latner and Rebecca E. Wilson
22. Body Image and Muscularity, Donald R. McCreary
23. Body Image and Athleticism, Trent A. Petrie and Christy Greenleaf
24. Gay and Lesbian Body Images, Todd G. Morrison and Jessica M. McCutcheon
25. African American Body Images, Debra L. Franko and James P. Roehrig
26. Asian American Body Images, Kathleen Y. Kawamura
27. Hispanic/Latino Body Images, Deborah Schooler and Lynda S. Lowry
28. Body Images in Non-Western Cultures, Eileen P. Anderson-Fye
29. Body Image and Congenital Conditions Resulting in Visible Difference, Nichola Rumsey and Diana Harcourt
V. Body Image Dysfunctions and Disorders
30. Body Image and Social Functioning, Stacey Tantleff-Dunn and Danielle M. Lindner
31. Body Image and Sexual Functioning, Michael W. Wiederman
32. Body Image and Anorexia Nervosa, Sherrie Selwyn Delinsky
33. Body Image and Bulimia Nervosa, Janis H. Crowther and Nicole M. Williams
34. Body Image and Binge-Eating Disorder, Joshua I. Hrabosky
35. Body Image and Body Dysmorphic Disorder, Katharine A. Phillips
36. Body Image and Appearance- and Performance-Enhancing Drug Use, Tom Hildebrandt and Justine Lai
VI. Body Image Issues in Medical Contexts
37. Body Image Issues in Dermatology, Andrew R. Thompson
38. Body Image Issues in Oncology, Craig A. White and Caroline Hood
39. Body Image Issues in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helen Skouteris
40. Body Image Issues in Rheumatology, Meenakshi Jolly
41. Body Image Issues Associated with Burn Injuries, John W. Lawrence and James A. Fauerbach
VII. Changing the Body: Medical, Surgical, and Other Approaches
42. Weight Loss and Changes in Body Image, David B. Sarwer, Rebecca J. Dilks, and Jacqueline C. Spitzer
43. Exercise and Changes in Body Image, Kathleen A. Martin Ginis, and Rebecca L. Bassett
44. Body Art and Body Image, Leeana Kent
45. Cosmetic Surgery and Changes in Body Image, David B. Sarwer, Canice E. Crerand, and Leanne Magee
46. Body Image and Biomedical Interventions for Disfiguring Conditions, Diana Harcourt and Nichola Rumsey
VIII. Changing Body Images: Psychosocial Interventions for Treatment and Prevention
47. Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches to Body Image Change, Josée L. Jarry and Thomas F. Cash
48. Experiential Approaches to Body Image Change, Judith Ruskay Rabinor and Marion Bilich
49. School-Based Psychoeducational Approaches to Prevention, Jennifer A. O'Dea and Zali Yager
50. Computer-Based Approaches to Prevention, Hannah Weisman, Jakki Bailey, Andrew Winzelberg, and C. Barr Taylor
51. Ecological and Activism Approaches to Prevention, Niva Piran and Nina Mafrici
52. Public Policy Approaches to Prevention, Susan J. Paxton
IX. Conclusions and Directions
53. Future Challenges for Body Image Science, Practice, and Prevention, Linda Smolak and Thomas F. Cash
About the Editors
Thomas F. Cash, PhD, until his death in 2025, was Professor Emeritus of Psychology at Old Dominion University. His research focused on influences of physical appearance and body image on psychosocial functioning, including such topics as body image development, assessment, and treatment; obesity; eating disorders; cosmetic surgery; appearance-altering conditions; and appearance stereotyping and discrimination. He authored or edited eight books and over 200 journal articles and book chapters. Dr. Cash developed an empirically supported cognitive-behavioral program for body image improvement, as well as over a dozen validated assessments of dimensions of body image. He was Founding Editor ofLinda Smolak, PhD, is Professor Emerita at Kenyon College in Gambier, Ohio. Her research focuses on the development of body image and disordered eating, including such topics as media and familial influences on children's body image; child sexual abuse and body image; muscle building among adolescent boys; eating disorder prevention programs; athletic participation and body image; and gender roles and body image. She has been involved in the development of several body image-related scales. Dr. Smolak is author or editor of seven books and dozens of journal articles and book chapters. She is an Associate Editor of
Contributors
Eileen P. Anderson-Fye, EdD, is Assistant Professor of Anthropology at Case Western Reserve University and Assistant Research Anthropologist at the University of California, Los Angeles.Jakki Bailey, MA, is a research assistant in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University.
Rebecca L. Bassett, MSc, is a doctoral candidate studying health and exercise psychology in the Department of Kinesiology at McMaster University in Canada.
Marion Bilich, PhD, is a psychologist in private practice.
Thomas F. Cash, PhD, is Professor Emeritus of Psychology at Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia.
Kelsey Chapman, BA, is a graduate student at Marshall University.
Canice E. Crerand, PhD, is a psychologist in the Division of Plastic Surgery at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia.
Janis H. Crowther, PhD, is Professor of Psychology at Kent State University.
Sherrie Selwyn Delinsky, PhD, is a clinical psychologist in private practice in Wellesley, Massachusetts, Assistant Psychologist at McLean Hospital, and Instructor at Harvard Medical School.
Rebecca J. Dilks, RD, is a Registered Dietitian and Research Coordinator at the Center for Weight and Eating Disorders in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.
James A. Fauerbach, PhD, is Associate Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
Debra L. Franko, PhD, is Professor in the Department of Counseling and Applied Educational Psychology at Northeastern University and Associate Director of the Harris Center for Education and Advocacy in Eating Disorders at Massachusetts General Hospital.
Rick M. Gardner, PhD, is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Psychology at the University of Colorado, Denver.
Kathleen A. Martin Ginis, PhD, is Professor of Health and Exercise Psychology in the Department of Kinesiology at McMaster University in Canada.
Christy Greenleaf, PhD, is Associate Professor in the Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation at the University of North Texas.
Sarah Grogan, PhD, is Professor of Health Psychology in the Centre for Health Psychology at Staffordshire University, Stoke on Trent, United Kingdom.
Diana Harcourt, PhD, is Reader in Health Psychology and Co-Director of the Centre for Appearance Research at the University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom.
Tom Hildebrandt, PsyD, is Director of the Eating and Weight Disorders Program and the Program for Appearance and Performance Enhancing Drug Use Research at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine.
Andrew J. Hill, PhD, is Professor of Medical Psychology at Leeds University School of Medicine in the United Kingdom.
Caroline Hood, MN, is a Head and Neck Cancer Clinical Nurse Specialist in Ayrshire and Arran, Scotland.
Joshua I. Hrabosky, PsyD, is a clinical psychologist at the Weight Loss and Diabetes Center at Greenwich Hospital in Connecticut.
Josée L. Jarry, PhD, is Associate Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of Windsor in Canada.
Meenakshi Jolly, MD, is Assistant Professor in Rheumatology, Department of Medicine and Department of Behavioral Medicine at Rush University.
Diane Carlson Jones, PhD, is Professor Emerita of Human Development and Cognition in Educational Psychology at the University of Washington, Seattle.
Kathleen Y. Kawamura, PhD, is a clinical psychologist in private practice in Mission Viejo, California.
Leeana Kent, PhD, is a research supervisor with Central Queensland University and a practicing psychologist in Cairns, Australia.
Kelly L. Klump, PhD, is Associate Professor in the Department of Psychology at Michigan State University.
Ross Krawczyk, MA, is a graduate student at the University of South Florida.
Justine Lai, BA, is a senior research coordinator of both the Eating and Weight Disorders Program and the Program for Appearance and Performance Enhancing Drug Use Research at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine.
Janet D. Latner, PhD, is Associate Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of Hawaii at Manoa.
John W. Lawrence, PhD, is Associate Professor at the College of Staten Island, The City University of New York.
Michael P. Levine, PhD, FAED, is Samuel B. Cummings Jr. Professor of Psychology at Kenyon College.
Danielle M. Lindner, MS, is a graduate student in the Clinical Psychology Doctoral Program at the University of Central Florida.
Lynda S. Lowry, MA, is a graduate student in the Department of Psychology at the University of the Pacific.
Nina Mafrici, MA, is a doctoral candidate in Counselling Psychology at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, in Canada.
Leanne Magee, PhD, is a Postdoctoral Fellow in Psychology in the Division of Plastic Surgery at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia.
Marita P. McCabe, PhD, is Professor in the School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.
Donald R. McCreary, PhD, is Adjunct Professor of Psychology at both Brock University (St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada) and York University (Toronto, Ontario, Canada).
Jessica M. McCutcheon, BSc, is a master’s student in Applied Social Psychology at the University of Saskatchewan in Canada.
Nita Mary McKinley, PhD, is Associate Professor in the Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences program at the University of Washington, Tacoma.
Jessie E. Menzel, MA, is a graduate student at the University of South Florida.
Todd G. Morrison, PhD, is Associate Professor of Applied Social Psychology at the University of Saskatchewan in Canada.
Sarah K. Murnen, PhD, is Professor of Psychology at Kenyon College.
Dianne Neumark-Sztainer, PhD, MPH, RD, is Professor in the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota.
Jennifer A. O’Dea, MPH, PhD, is Associate Professor in the Faculty of Education and Social Work at the University of Sydney, Australia.
Susan J. Paxton, PhD, is Professor and Head of School in the School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
Trent A. Petrie, PhD, is Professor in the Department of Psychology and Director of the Center for Sport Psychology at the University of North Texas.
Katharine A. Phillips, MD, is Director of the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Program and Director of Research for Adult Psychiatry at Rhode Island Hospital, and Professor of Psychiatry and Human Behavior at the Alpert Medical School of Brown University.
Niva Piran, PhD, is Professor in the Department of Adult Education and Counselling Psychology of the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Canada.
Judith Ruskay Rabinor, PhD, is Founder and Director of the American Eating Disorder Center of Long Island.
Lina A. Ricciardelli, PhD, is Associate Professor in the School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.
James P. Roehrig, MA, is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Counseling and Applied Educational Psychology at Northeastern University.
Nichola Rumsey, PhD, is VTCT Professor of Appearance Psychology and Co-Director of the Centre for Appearance Research at the University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom.
David B. Sarwer, PhD, is Associate Professor of Psychology in the Departments of Psychiatry and Surgery at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.
Deborah Schooler, PhD, is Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of the Pacific.
Helen Skouteris, PhD, is a Senior Research Fellow in the School of Psychology at Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.
Linda Smolak, PhD, is Professor Emerita at Kenyon College in Gambier, Ohio.
Jacqueline C. Spitzer, MS, is a Research Coordinator at the Center for Weight and Eating Disorders in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.
Jessica L. Suisman, MA, is a clinical psychology graduate student at Michigan State University.
Viren Swami, PhD, is Reader in the Department of Psychology at the University of Westminster in London, United Kingdom.
Stacey Tantleff-Dunn, PhD, is Associate Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of Central Florida.
C. Barr Taylor, MD, is Professor of Psychiatry at Stanford University School of Medicine, where he serves as Director of the Laboratory for the Study of Behavioral Medicine.
Andrew R. Thompson, DClinPsych, is Senior Clinical Lecturer and Chartered Clinical and Health Psychologist in the University of Sheffield/NHS Clinical Psychology Training Unit, United Kingdom.
J. Kevin Thompson, PhD, is Professor of Psychology in the Department of Psychology at the University of South Florida.
Marika Tiggemann, PhD, is Professor of Psychology at Flinders University in South Australia.
Tracy L. Tylka, PhD, is Associate Professor of Counseling Psychology at the Columbus and Marion campuses of The Ohio State University.
Hannah Weisman, BA, is a research assistant in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University.
Eleanor H. Wertheim, PhD, is Professor (Personal Chair) in the School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
Craig A. White, PhD, is Professor of Psychological Therapies at the University of the West of Scotland and is Assistant Director of Healthcare Quality with NHS Ayrshire and Arran.
Michael W. Wiederman, PhD, is Professor of Psychology at Columbia College in Columbia, South Carolina.
Nicole M. Williams, MA, is a doctoral candidate in the graduate program in clinical psychology at Kent State University.
Rebecca E. Wilson, BA, is a doctoral student in the Department of Psychology at the University of Hawaii at Manoa.
Andrew Winzelberg, PhD, is a researcher in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University School of Medicine.
Zali Yager, PhD, is a lecturer in the Faculty of Education at La Trobe University, Australia.
Audience
Clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors; medical doctors in a range of specialties; allied health professionals; students and researchers in these fields.Course Use
May serve as a text in graduate-level courses.Previous editions published by Guilford:
First Edition, © 2004
ISBN: 9781593850159
New to this edition:
- Addresses the most urgent current questions in the field.
- Reflects significant advances in key areas: assessment, body image in boys and men, obesity, illness-related body image issues, and cross-cultural research.
- Conceptual Foundations section now incorporates evolutionary, genetic, and positive psychology perspectives.
- Increased coverage of prevention.