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“Brilliantly fills an important gap in today's social psychology literature—by reconnecting the inner person with the outer situation....This is a handbook in the true sense of the term—a hefty yet handheld reference volume filled with panoramic, research-based chapters....The 39 chapters are impressively uniform in their structure—each authored by a leader on the topic, with definitions of its terms, historical trends, summary tables or charts, and key citations. The authors presume little prior knowledge, yet even expert readers will learn from them....A gem of a handbook that belongs in every academic library—a concise and authoritative source for social-personality research. It is a long-lasting volume that Guilford Press offers at an attractive price that is less than the price of many textbooks today.”

—PsycCRITIQUES


“This will be an important, widely used scholarly resource not only in psychology but also in such related fields as business, law, medicine, and social policy....Highly recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through faculty and professionals.”

—Choice


“Knowledge about personality has the potential to have a major impact on how researchers and therapists understand people’s social lives. This volume is one of the finest examples of how clinical, social, personality, developmental, and biological psychology can be woven together (in nearly every chapter). Extending beyond arbitrary subdisciplinary boundaries, the authors provide an enlightening, scholarly examination of how people differ in the ability to navigate their everyday environments. This book will be a terrific text for courses on personality.”

—Todd B. Kashdan, PhD, Department of Psychology, George Mason University


“One of the more interesting questions in contemporary psychology concerns the interaction of personal dispositions and situational contexts in motivating human behavior. Leary and Hoyle have gathered together a set of creative social scientists who have written compelling chapters on nearly 40 dispositions and their influence on social processes and outcomes. This volume will be stimulating reading for graduate students in personality and social psychology, and it reveals why the boundary between personality and social psychology is not especially meaningful. A wonderfully conceived project!”

—Peter Salovey, PhD, Chris Argyris Professor of Psychology and Provost, Yale University


“One of the best, most important contemporary psychological handbooks—thorough, informative, well written, thoughtful, and up to date. The volume offers lively, state-of-the-art coverage of nearly all the major personality traits that have proven useful in predicting how people will act and interact. If you want to know how people differ in ways that matter for social life, this is the book for you.”

—Roy F. Baumeister, PhD, Francis Eppes Professor of Psychology, Florida State University


“This book tackles the thorny and difficult question of whether behavior is determined more by the person or by the situation. Leading scholars present compelling evidence that different types of people respond to their circumstances in vastly different ways, and that assessing personality provides important insights into interpersonal behavior. The chapters serve as excellent summaries and tutorials on numerous aspects of personality, making this a valuable resource for students and faculty alike. Highly recommended for anyone interested in human behavior.”

—Todd F. Heatherton, PhD, Champion International Professor, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College


“An exceptional resource. The Handbook covers a large and comprehensive range of important dispositional variables, including the classic dimensions of personality, interpersonal aspects of functioning, and emotional, cognitive, and motivational dispositions, as well as self-related dispositions. Chapters authored by leading scholars in the field provide informed, scholarly, and timely overviews. This book should be very valuable for scholars, students, and professionals interested in individual differences and their role in social and moral behavior, adjustment, and maladjustment.”

—Nancy Eisenberg, PhD, Regents' Professor of Psychology, Arizona State University


“This is an unusual and exceptional volume. It provides an authoritative account of the most influential constructs in the field of personality and social psychology. Each chapter defines the relevant construct, traces its historical development, discusses recent findings, entertains controversies, draws connections with other relevant constructs, and points to new research directions. The volume is admirably inventive in the myriad ways—conceptual and methodological—in which it bridges social and personality psychology. It will be invaluable as a reference and a source of inspiration for researchers and graduate students.”

—Constantine Sedikides, PhD, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, UK

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Table of Contents

Introduction

1. Situations, Dispositions, and the Study of Social Behavior, Mark R. Leary and Rick H. Hoyle

2. Methods for the Study of Individual Differences in Social Behavior, Rick H. Hoyle and Mark R. Leary

II. Interpersonal Dispositions

3. Extraversion, Joshua Wilt and William Revelle

4. Agreeableness, William G. Graziano and Renée M. Tobin

5. Attachment Styles, Phillip R. Shaver and Mario Mikulincer

6. Interpersonal Dependency, Robert F. Bornstein

7. Machiavellianism, Daniel N. Jones and Delroy L. Paulhus

8. Gender Identity, Wendy Wood and Alice H. Eagly

III. Emotional Dispositions

9. Neuroticism, Thomas A. Widiger

10. Happiness, Ed Diener, Pelin Kesebir, and William Tov

11. Depression, Patrick H. Finan, Howard Tennen, and Alex J. Zautra

12. Social Anxiousness, Shyness, and Embarrassability, Rowland S. Miller

13. Proneness to Shame and Proneness to Guilt, June Price Tangney, Kerstin Youman, and Jeffrey Stuewig

14. Hostility and Proneness to Anger, John C. Barefoot and Stephen H. Boyle

15. Loneliness, John T. Cacioppo and Louise C. Hawkley

16. Affect Intensity, Randy C. Larsen

IV. Cognitive Dispositions

17. Openness to Experience, Robert R. McCrae and Angelina R. Sutin

18. Locus of Control and Attributional Style, Adrian Furnham

19. Belief in a Just World, Claudia Dalbert

20. Authoritarianism and Dogmatism, John Duckitt

21. The Need for Cognition, Richard E. Petty, Pablo Briñol, Chris Loersch, and Michael J. McCaslin

22. Optimism, Charles S. Carver and Michael F. Scheier

23. The Need for Cognitive Closure, Arie W. Kruglanski and Shira Fishman

24. Integrative Complexity, Peter Suedfeld

V. Motivational Dispositions

25. Conscientiousness, Brent W. Roberts, Joshua J. Jackson, Jennifer V. Fayard, Grant Edmonds, and Jenna Meints

26. Achievement Motivation, David E. Conroy, Andrew J. Elliot, and Todd M. Thrash

27. Belonging Motivation, Mark R. Leary and Kristine M. Kelly

28. Affiliation Motivation, Craig A. Hill

29. Power Motivation, Eugene M. Fodor

30. Social Desirability, Ronald R. Holden and Jennifer Passey

31. Sensation Seeking, Marvin Zuckerman

32. Rejection Sensitivity, Rainer Romero-Canyas, Vanessa T. Anderson, Kavita S. Reddy, and Geraldine Downey

33. Psychological Defensiveness: Repression, Blunting, and Defensive Pessimism, Julie K. Norem

VI. Self-Related Dispositions

34. Private and Public Self-Consciousness, Allan Fenigstein

35. Independent, Relational, and Collective–Interdependent Self-Construals, Susan E. Cross, Erin E. Hardin, and Berna Gercek Swing

36. Self-Esteem, Jennifer K. Bosson and William B. Swann, Jr.

37. Narcissism, Frederick Rhodewalt and Benjamin Peterson

38. Self-Compassion, Kristin Neff

39. Self-Monitoring, Paul T. Fuglestad and Mark Snyder

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About the Editors

Mark R. Leary, PhD, is Professor Emeritus of Psychology and Neuroscience at Duke University. His research focuses on the processes by which people think about and evaluate themselves; the effects of self-reflection on emotion and psychological well-being; and how people are influenced by concerns about how they are perceived and evaluated by others. He is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association, the Association for Psychological Science, and the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, and a recipient of the Lifetime Career Award from the International Society for Self and Identity. Dr. Leary was the founding editor of the journal Self and Identity and is currently Editor of Personality and Social Psychology Review

• Author's website
• All titles by Mark R. Leary

Rick H. Hoyle, PhD, is Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience at Duke University. The primary focus of his research is the investigation of basic cognitive, affective, and social processes relevant to self-regulation. He is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association, the Association for Psychological Science, the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, and the Division of Evaluation, Measurement, and Statistics of the American Psychological Association.

• Author's website
• All titles by Rick H. Hoyle

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Contributors

Vanessa T. Anderson, PhD, Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York

John C. Barefoot, PhD, Behavioral Medicine Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina

Robert F. Bornstein, PhD, Derner Institute, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York

Jennifer K. Bosson, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida

Stephen H. Boyle, PhD, Behavioral Medicine Research Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina

Pablo Briñol, PhD, Department of Social Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

John T. Cacioppo, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois

Charles S. Carver, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida

David E. Conroy, PhD, Department of Kinesiology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania

Susan E. Cross, PhD, Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa

Claudia Dalbert, PhD, Department of Educational Psychology, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany

Ed Diener, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois

Geraldine Downey, PhD, Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York

John Duckitt, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

Alice H. Eagly, PhD, Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois

Grant Edmonds, BA, Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois

Andrew J. Elliot, PhD, Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York

Jennifer V. Fayard, BA, Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois

Allan Fenigstein, PhD, Department of Psychology, Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio

Patrick H. Finan, MA, Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona

Shira Fishman, MA, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland

Eugene M. Fodor, PhD, Department of Psychology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York

Paul T. Fuglestad, BA, Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota

Adrian Furnham, DSc, DPhil, Department of Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom

William G. Graziano, PhD, Department of Psychological Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana

Erin E. Hardin, PhD, Department of Psychology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas

Louise C. Hawkley, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois

Craig A. Hill, PhD, Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Fort Wayne, Indiana

Ronald R. Holden, PhD, Department of Psychology, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

Rick H. Hoyle, PhD, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina

Joshua J. Jackson, BS, Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois

Daniel N. Jones, MA, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Kristine M. Kelly, PhD, Department of Psychology, Western Illinois University, Macomb, Illinois

Pelin Kesebir, MA, Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois

Arie W. Kruglanski, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland

Randy C. Larsen, PhD, Department of Psychology, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri

Mark R. Leary, PhD, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina

Chris Loersch, MA, Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio

Michael J. McCaslin, MA, Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio

Robert R. McCrae, PhD, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland

Jenna Meints, BS, Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois

Mario Mikulincer, PhD, School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center, Herzlyia, Israel

Rowland S. Miller, PhD, Departments of Psychology and Philosophy, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas

Kristin Neff, PhD, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas

Julie K. Norem, PhD, Department of Psychology, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts

Jennifer Passey, MA, Department of Psychology, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

Delroy L. Paulhus, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Benjamin Peterson, MA, Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah

Richard E. Petty, PhD, Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio

Kavita S. Reddy, MA, Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York

William Revelle, PhD, Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois

Frederick Rhodewalt, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah

Brent W. Roberts, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois

Rainer Romero-Canyas, PhD, Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York

Michael F. Scheier, PhD, Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Phillip R. Shaver, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, California

Mark Snyder, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota

Jeffrey Stuewig, PhD, Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia

Peter Suedfeld, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Angelina R. Sutin, PhD, Laboratory of Personality and Cognition, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland

William B. Swann, Jr., PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas

Berna Gercek Swing, MS, Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa

June Price Tangney, PhD, Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia

Howard Tennen, PhD, Department of Community Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut

Todd M. Thrash, PhD, Department of Psychology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia

Renée M. Tobin, PhD, Department of Psychology, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois

William Tov, PhD, School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, Singapore

Thomas A. Widiger, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky

Joshua Wilt, MA, Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois

Wendy Wood, PhD, Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina

Kerstin Youman, MA, Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia

Alex J. Zautra, PhD, Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona

Marvin Zuckerman, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware

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Audience

Scholars and students in social, personality, clinical, developmental, and organizational psychology.

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Course Use

May serve as a supplemental text in graduate-level courses.