Joan E. Grusec, PhD, is Professor Emerita in the Department of Psychology at the University of Toronto. Her research interests center on socialization in the family, with a particular focus on differentiating among domains of socialization as well as exploring underlying motivations for different forms of prosocial action. She has authored and edited numerous research papers, chapters, and books, and served as Associate Editor of Developmental Psychology.

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Paul D. Hastings, PhD, is Chair and Professor of Psychology at the University of California, Davis, where he is also a member of the Center for Mind and Brain. He completed his doctoral studies at the University of Toronto and postdoctoral training at the University of Waterloo, Ontario, and the National Institute of Mental Health. His research focuses on examining the contributions of neurobiological regulation and parental socialization to adaptive and maladaptive socioemotional development in children and adolescents. He has authored more than 90 research articles, chapters, and books.