1. The Role of Direct Observation in School-Based Settings

2. Foundations of Direct Observation

3. Obtaining Trustworthy Results from Observation: The Basic Principles of Psychological Measurement

4. Improving Data Quality: Suggested Guidelines for Training Observers and Conducting Observations

II. Use of Specific Observation Codes

5. Conducting Observations in Classroom Settings

6. Observing the Classroom Environment

7. Extending Observations to Non-Classroom Settings

8. Using Observation to Support Functional Assessment

9. Thinking Outside of the Box: Creating a Novel or Hybrid Coding Scheme

III. Using Assessment Data to Inform Decision Making and Intervention

10. Interpreting and Sharing Observation Results

Appendix A. Measurement Standards Used in Evaluating Systematic Observation Codes

Appendix B. Glossary of Operational Definition

Appendix C. Reproducible Coding Forms