I. Theoretical Grounding: The Nature of Writing Problems in Struggling Writers

1. Multiple Processes That Matter in Writing Instruction and Assessment, Virginia W. Berninger, Noelia P. Garcia, and Robert D. Abbott

2. Self-Efficacy and Procrastination in the Writing of Students with Learning Disabilities, Robert M. Klassen and Christine Welton

II. Contemporary Classroom Writing Instruction and Struggling Writers

3. The Effects of Writing Workshop Instruction on the Performance and Motivation of Good and Poor Writers, Gary A. Troia, Shin-ju C. Lin, Brandon W. Monroe, and Steven Cohen

4. Connecting Reading and Writing Instruction for Struggling Learners, Timothy Shanahan

5. Informational Writing across the Curriculum, Carol Sue Englert, Cynthia M. Okolo, and Troy V. Mariage

III. Teaching Composing to Struggling Writers

6. Teaching Composing to Students with Learning Disabilities: Scientifically Supported Recommendations, Steve Graham, Natalie G. Olinghouse, and Karen R. Harris

7. Written Composition Instruction and Intervention for Students with Language Impairment, Nickola W. Nelson, Froma P. Roth, and Adelia M. Van Meter

8. Teaching Written Expression to Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Learners, Anne W. Graves and Robert Rueda

9. Using Technology to Teach Composing to Struggling Writers, Charles A. MacArthur

IV. Teaching Spelling to Struggling Writers

10. Teaching Spelling to Students with Language and Learning Disabilities, Louisa C. Moats

11. Spelling and English Language Learning, Pauline B. Low and Linda S. Siegel

V. Assessment of Writing by Struggling Writers

12. Classroom Portfolio Assessment for Writing, Maryl Gearhart

13. Assessment of Student Writing with Curriculum-Based Measurement, Betty J. Benson and Heather M. Campbell

14. Language-Based Assessment of Written Expression, Cheryl M. Scott