Isabel L. Beck, PhD, is Professor Emerita of Education at the University of Pittsburgh. She has conducted extensive research and published widely on decoding, vocabulary, and comprehension. Dr. Beck is a recipient of the Oscar S. Causey Award from the Literacy Research Association, the William S. Gray Citation of Merit from the International Literacy Association, and the Contributing Researcher Award from the American Federation of Teachers. She was inducted into the Reading Hall of Fame and is an elected member of the National Academy of Education. Her books include Bringing Words to Life, Second Edition; Creating Robust Vocabulary; Illuminating Comprehension and Close Reading; Making Sense of Phonics, Third Edition; and Robust Comprehension Instruction with Questioning the Author.

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Margaret G. McKeown, PhD, is Clinical Professor Emerita of Education at the University of Pittsburgh. Before her retirement, she was also a Senior Scientist at the University's Learning Research and Development Center. Her work addresses practical, current problems that classroom teachers and their students face. She has conducted research in the areas of learning, instruction, and teacher professional development in reading comprehension and vocabulary. Dr. McKeown is a recipient of the Outstanding Dissertation Award from the International Literacy Association, is a Fellow of the American Educational Research Association, and was inducted into the Reading Hall of Fame. She is coauthor of books including Bringing Words to Life, Second Edition; Creating Robust Vocabulary; Robust Comprehension Instruction with Questioning the Author; and Vocabulary Assessment to Support Instruction.

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Cheryl A. Sandora, PhD, is an English Language Arts Fellow at the Institute for Learning, an outreach of the University of Pittsburgh, where she designs curricular materials and works with districts throughout the country, facilitating professional development sessions and supporting classroom-based instruction. Dr. Sandora was a research associate at the University of Pittsburgh Learning Research and Development Center for over 20 years, working closely with Isabel L. Beck and Margaret G. McKeown to conduct classroom-based research on instructional practices targeting vocabulary and comprehension. She is coauthor of Illuminating Comprehension and Close Reading and Robust Comprehension Instruction with Questioning the Author.

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