2. What Makes Texts Tough?

3. What Do Adolescents Bring to Texts?

4. Why Should Students Read?

5. What Should Students Read?

6. How Can Teachers Scaffold Dense Texts?

7. How Can Teachers Scaffold Knowledge Demands?

8. How Can Teachers Scaffold Text Structure Challenges?

9. How Can Teachers Scaffold Challenging Vocabulary and Language?

10. How Can Teachers Scaffold Word Reading?

11. From Planning to Implementation: What Does Scaffolding in Action Look Like?

Literature Cited

References

Index